Cells have various DNA repair mechanisms to correct insertion mutations. Mismatch repair, nucleotide excision repair, and homologous recombination are some of the processes that can fix insertion errors. However, the efficiency of these mechanisms varies, and sometimes insertions can escape repair, leading to permanent changes in the genome. Advances in gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, offer potential for correcting insertion mutations in a targeted and precise manner.
