Radiation can cause DNA damage through ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. - Ionizing radiation: This type of radiation, including X-rays and gamma rays, can break DNA strands and cause double-strand breaks, leading to large-scale chromosomal mutations. - Non-ionizing radiation: Ultraviolet (UV) light causes the formation of thymine dimers, which distort the DNA structure and interfere with DNA replication and transcription.
