Mutations are changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. These can affect genetic coding in various ways:
Silent mutations: These do not change the amino acid sequence of the protein. Missense mutations: These change one amino acid in the sequence, which may affect the protein's function. Nonsense mutations: These create a premature stop codon, leading to a truncated and usually nonfunctional protein. Frameshift mutations: These occur due to insertions or deletions that alter the reading frame of the gene.
