Isolation of DNA: The DNA containing the gene of interest is extracted from the organism.
Cutting DNA: Restriction enzymes are used to cut the DNA at specific sequences, producing fragments that include the gene of interest.
Inserting DNA into a Vector: The DNA fragment is inserted into a
cloning vector, such as a plasmid, which is a small, circular DNA molecule separate from chromosomal DNA.
Transformation: The recombinant vector is introduced into a host cell, usually a bacterium, through a process called transformation.
Selection and Screening: Cells that have successfully taken up the recombinant DNA are selected and screened for the presence of the gene of interest.
Replication and Expression: The host cells replicate, producing many copies of the recombinant DNA, which can then be extracted and analyzed.
