Third generation sequencing (TGS) refers to advanced sequencing technologies that have been developed to overcome the limitations of previous methods like Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS). TGS techniques, such as Pacific Biosciences' Single Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing and Oxford Nanopore's sequencing, allow for the direct reading of long DNA or RNA sequences, enabling more accurate and comprehensive analyses of genetic mutations.