PAHs are known to be carcinogenic and mutagenic. They can cause genetic mutations by interacting with DNA. When PAHs enter the body, they are metabolized by enzymes such as cytochrome P450 into reactive intermediates, including diol epoxides. These reactive intermediates can form covalent bonds with DNA, creating DNA adducts. If these DNA adducts are not repaired correctly, they can result in mutations during DNA replication. Over time, these mutations can accumulate and potentially lead to cancer.
